Adding Suffixes and Prefixes
Verb
|
Noun
|
Adjective
|
Adverb
|
Beautify
|
Beauty
|
Beautiful
|
Beautifully
|
*
|
Honesty
|
Honest
|
Honestly
|
1. Article + Adjective + Noun
–
This is a
beautiful garden. His novels gained a huge popularity.
2. Article + noun –
He has done well in the
examination. The kingdom of knowledge is unlimited.
3. Possessive Pronoun + Abstract Noun / Noun
–
His truthfulness
surprises me much.
4. Modal Auxiliary (can, could, may, might, must, shall,
should, will, would, need, dear, ought to) + Verb
–
I can help you
learn English. We should respect our teachers.
5. Be Verb + Adjective-
I am happy.
6. Preposition + Noun –
The lack of
determination leads one to lose his confidence. Failure is the pillar of success.
7. Remain, feel, become, make, see, go, turn, find, get,
look + Adjective –
I feel drowsy. I find
the task difficult. He always remains busy.
8. And / But –
He is calm and
quiet. He is poor but honest. They lead a life burdensome with cares
and anxiety.
9. An Adverb modifies verb, adjective and adverb itself in
a sentence. The old man walks slowly. (Modifies
verb) The old man walks very slowly. (Modifies Adverb) This is a nicely written
letter. (Modifies Adjective). He tries sincerely
to succeed in life. Determination keeps you mentally strong. My mother
is very affectionate to me.
10. The + superlative degree –
Bangladesh
is the most beautiful country in the world.
11. Verb + Noun –
Money cannot buy
happiness.
12. Be Verb + Noun –
There is scarcity
of water.
13. Adjective + Noun –
Bangladesh
is rich in natural beauties because of her climatic advantages.
14. Possessive Pronoun + Adjective + Noun –
Bangladesh
is rich in natural beauties because of her climatic advantages.
15. Noun and Noun, Adjective and Adjective, Adverb and
Adverb:
We need to ensure
safety and security.
16. Subject + Verb:
Moreover, the six
seasons enrich her panoramic beauties.
17. Be Verb + Passive –
The tourists are
enchanted with the natural beauties of Bangladesh. The tourists spots
should be modernised and well-communicated. Moreover, the safety of the
tourists must be ensured. There a lot of industries have been located. Some
special arrangement is made for their entertainment.
18. Subject (noun) –
As a result, communication
is disrupted.
19. Preposition + Adjective + Noun –
The Japanese don’t
try to gain anything through unfair means.
20. Verb + Adverb + Adjective
–
To remain physically
fit, he has to avoid unhealthy food.
ENGLISH PREFIXES
Fore (before): forecast,
foretell.
Gain (against):
gainsay.
In (in): income,
inland, inlay.
Mis (wrong, wrongly): misdeed, mislead,
Over (above, beyond):
overflow, overcharge
To-, this; to-day,
to-night, to-morrow.
Un- not; untrue,
unkind, unholy.
Un (to reverse an action):
untie, undo, unfold.
Under (beneath, below):
undergo, under ground.
With (against, back)
withdraw, withstand.
Note:- There are only
two prefixes of English origin that are still applied freely to new words, mis
and un, the former with the force of the adjective bad and the latter with the
force of a negative.
LATIN PREFIXES
Ab, (a, abs)
d
from, away; abuse, avert, abstract.
Ante (anti, an) (before)
d
antedate, anticipate, ancestor.
Con (col, com, cor)
with, together; d contend, collect, combine, correct.
Contra (counter), (against;)
d contradict,
counteract, counterfeit.
Dis, (dif, di),
apart; d
disjoin, differ, divide.
Demi, half d
demigod.
Extra (beyond) d
extraordinary, extravagant.
In (il, im, ir), (not) d insecure, illegal, imprudent, irregular.
Male (mal), (ill,
badly) d
malevolent, malcontent.
Non (not) nonsense.
Pre, (before) d
prefix, prevent, predict.
Re, (back, again) d
reclaim, refund, renew, return.
Semi (half) d
semicircle, semicolon.
Super (above) d
superfine, superfluous.
Vice, in the place
of; viceroy, d
vice-president
GREEK PREFIXES
A (an), without, not d
atheist, apathy, anarchy.
Anti (ant), against d
antipathy, antagonist.
Arch (archi) chief d
archbishop, archangel,
Auto (self) d
autocrat, autobiography, autograph.
Dia (through) d
diagonal, diameter.
En (em), in,
d
encyclopaedia, emblem.
Eu, (well) d
eulogy, euphony, eugenics.
Ex (ec), (out of) d
exodus, eccentric.
Hemi, half d
hemisphere.
Homo (hom), like d
homogeneous, homonym.
Hyper (over, beyond) d
hyperbole, hypercritical
Hypo (under) d
hypothesis, hypocrite
Mono (alone, single)
d
monoplane,
monopoly.
ENGLISH SUFFIXES
OF NOUNS
(1) Denoting agent or
doer
-- er (-ar, -or,
-yer) beggar, sailor, lawyer
-- ter (-ther) ;
daughter, father.
(2) Denoting state,
action, condition, being, etc.
-- dom d
freedom, martyrdom, wisdom.
-- hood (-head) d
manhood, childhood, godhead.
-- lock (-ledge) d
wedlock, knowledge.
-- ness d
darkness, boldness, goodness, sweetness.
-- red d
kindred, hatred.
-- ship d
hardship, friendship, lordship.
-- th d
health, stealth
(3) Forming
Diminutives.
-- el (-le) d
satchel, kernel, girdle, handle.
-- en d
maiden, kitten, chicken.
-- let d
leaflet.
-- ling d
duckling, darling, stripling, weakling.
-- lock d
hillock, bullock.
OF ADJECTIVES
-- ed, having d
gifted, talented, wretched, learned.
-- en, made of d
wooden, golden, earthen.
-- fid, full of d
hopeful, fruitful, joyful.
-- ish, somewhat like
d
boorish, reddish, girlish.
-- less, free from,
without d fearless,
shameless,
-- ly, like d
manly, godly, sprightly.
-- some, with the
quality of d
gladsome, quarrelsome.
-- ward, inclining to
d
forward, wayward.
-- y, with the
quality of d
healthy, greedy, thirsty, dirty.
OF VERBS
-- en, d
weaken, sweeten, gladden, deaden,
-- se, d
to make ; cleanse, rinse.
-- er, d
chatter, glitter, glimmer, fritter, flutter.
OF
ADVERBS
-- ly, like ; d
boldly, wisely.
-- long, d
headlong, sidelong.
-- ward, (-wards), d
homeward, backwards,
-- way, (-ways); d
straightway, anyway, always.
-- wise, manner, mode
; d
likewise, otherwise.
Note:- We still feel the force of a few English
suffixes. These are:-
-- er, denoting the
actor or agent; as d
driver.
-- hood d
boyhood.
-- ness, ship, th, d
loveliness, friendship, truth.
-- en, ful, ish,
less, ly, some, ward, y, adjective and adverb, endings ; as, d
golden, hopeful, oldish, helpless, manly, lonesome,
homeward, mighty.
LATIN SUFFIXES
OF NOUNS
(1) Denoting chiefly the agent or doer of a
thing.
-- ain (-an, -en,
-on) ; chieftain, artisan, citizen, surgeon.
-- air, (-er, -eer,
-ier, -ary ); preacher, engineer, financier, missionary.
-- ate (-ee, -ey, -y)
; advocate, trustee, attorney, deputy.
-- or, (-our, -eur, -er); emperor, saviour,
amateur, inteipreter.
(2) Denoting state,
action, result of an action.
-- age d
bondage, marriage, breakage, leakage.
-- ance (-ence)
d
assistance,
excellence, innocence.
-- cy d
fancy, accuracy, lunacy, bankruptcy.
-- ion d
action, opinion, union.
-- ice (-ise) d
service, cowardice, exercise.
-- ent d
punishment, judgement, improvement.
-- mony d
parsimony, matrimony, testimony.
-- tude d
servitude, fortitude, magnitude.
-- ty d
cruelty, frailty, credulity.
-- ure d
pleasure, forfeiture, verdure.
-- y d
misery, victory.
(3) Forming
diminutives.
-- cule (-ule, -eel,
-sel, -el, -le); animalcule, globule, parcel, damsel, chapel, circle.
-- et; d
owlet, lancet, trumpet.
-- ette ; d
cigarette, coquette.
(4) Denoting place.
-- ary (-ery, -ry); d
dispensary, library, nunnery, treasury.
-- ter (tre) ; d
cloister; theatre.
OF ADJECTIVES
-- al
d
national, legal,
regal, mortal, fatal.
-- an (-ane) d
human, humane, mundane.
-- ar d
familiar, regular.
-- ary d
contrary, necessary, ordinary, honorary.
-- ate
d
fortune,
temperature, obstinate.
-- ble (-ible, able) d
feeble, sensible,
laughable.
-- esque;
d
picturesque,
grotesque.
-- id; d
humid, vivid, lucid.
-- ile; d
servile, fragile, juvenile.
-- ine; d
feminine, canine, feline, divine.
-- ive; d
active, attentive, shortive
-- lent; d
corpulent, indolent, turbulent, virulent.
-- ose (ous); d
dangerous, onerous, copious.
OF VERBS
-- ate; d assassinate, captivate, exterminate.
-- esce; d
acquiesce, effervesce.
-- fy; d
simplify, purify, fortify, sanctify, terrify.
-- ish; d
publish, nourish, punish, banish.
GREEK SUFFIXES
-- ic (-ique); d
angelic, cynic, phonetic, unique.
-- ist; d
artist, chemist.
-- isk; d
asterisk, obelisk.
-- ism (-asm); d
patriotism, despotism, enthusiasm.
-- ize; d
civilize, sympathize, criticize.
-- sis (-sy); d
crisis, analysis, heresy, poesy.
-- e (-y); d
catastrophe, monarchy, philosophy. '
Note:- We still feel
the force of a number of suffixes of foreign, origin. These are :-
Ee (French), added to
nouns to denote, usually, the person who takes a passive share in an action;
as, d
employee, payee, legatee, mortgagee, trustee, referee.
Or, ar, er, eer, ier,
denoting a person who perfoms a certain actor function; as,
d
emperor, scholar, officer, engineer, gondolier.
Ist, denoting a
person who follows a certain trade or pursuit; as, d
chemist, theosophist, artist, nihilist.
Ism, forming abstract
nouns; as, d
patriotism
Ble, forming
adjectives that have usually a passive sense; as, d
tolerable, bearable.
Ize orise, forming
verbs from nouns and adjectives; as, d
crystallize, moralize, baptize.
Md. Saiful Alam
B. A. Honours and M. A. in English
Lecturer of English
Queen’s College, Dhaka
My affectionate Readers,
Please, never hesitate to comment because
your comment inspired me much. Moreover, any correction or suggestion regarding
my writings will be largely appreciated and valued and you can ask me any grammatical questions regarding
English. I promise I would try
my level best to assist you, all. Thank you very much.
